Most importantly though, the literature of the Fantastic provokes to the reader the uncomfortable feeling of hesitation, which defines it as sort of interactive, in the sense that the reader has to play an active role in making a decision on whether the supernatural met in such stories could be explained or accepted. By now, passionate followers have experienced several changes in stories and style yet, the " secret ingredients " for the success have not altered in substance: the reader confronts not only fantastic and supernatural elements inspired by folklore in settings, but also an application of these to the protagonists, transcending traits of their personality to the level of Fantasy, with one of the most characteristically refined masterpieces being The Lord of the Rings, written by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Argyris Fantasy is a literary genre that has fascinated countless readers since the ancient world of Mesopotamia, with its first indication of existence being, probably, the Epic of Gilgamesh. Tolkien's " The Lord of the Rings " Panagiotis V. Both share a focus on the active participation of spectators/consumers but seem to differ in a fundamental way.Ī study in J.R.R. This is also why I question the work of Henry Jenkins by creating a dialogue with the philosophy of Jacques Rancière. The active participation of readers and/or spectators in the creation of a story is a crucial part of my argument. It is therefore concerned with the reception of a story and the experience of its readers and/or spectators in a political context rather than the production. As a consequence, this thesis argues against the interpretation of fantasy literature and films as mere escapism, but states that a text and the reading of a text is always determined by its context. Therefore, it focuses, first of all, on the counter-interpretation of The Lord of the Rings by anti-war activists in both contexts, and secondly, on what has changed as a result of film adaptation and the new media. It asks why and how a story with a conservative, patriarchal, militant ideology at heart manages to become a symbol for two anti-war protest groups in two significant war periods in American History. Bush Has the Ring’ in the anti-Iraq war movement of 2004. This thesis analyzes the differences and similarities between the political expressions ‘Frodo Lives!’ in the anti-Vietnam War movement in the 1960s and ‘Frodo Has Failed. The second part of the trilogy, The Two Towers, which will be further analyzed, depicts graver and darker atmosphere compared to the first part: The Fellowship of the Ring, resulting in changes especially in lighting, mise-en-scene and sound. It important to mention, that the movie trilogy has greatly influences tourism in New Zealand and pop-culture media. The world-wide appreciation of the movies followed by many awards including an Oscar for the Best Sound Editing and the Best Visual Effects were achieved with the help of a Canadian composer Howard Shore and an Australian cinematographer Andrew Lesnie, who did the best in portraying the breathtaking fantasy world of Middle-earth. Later his trilogy has been adapted into movies by a New Zealander director Peter Jackson, who remains famous for his ability to portray the fantasy world of Middle-earth into movie screen with nearly the same amount of detail as found in the books. Tolkien, who dedicated his life in creating the fantasy world of Middle-earth. The Lord of the Rings is a well-known trilogy of a British writer J.
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